INTRODUCTION

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This paper entitles bullying among students will discuss introduction about bully, the reasons why bullying occur among students, the effect of bullying, ways to overcome and conclusion.

1.1.1 DEFINITION OF BULLY

Bullying is an act of repeated aggressive behavior in order to intentionally hurt another person physically or mentally. Bullying is characterized by an individual behaving in a certain way to gain power over another person (Besag,1989). Behavior may include name calling, verbal or written abuse, exclusion from activities, exclusion from social situations, physical abuse, or coercion (Carey,2003, Whitted & Dupper,2005). Bullies may behave this way to be perceived as popular or tough or to get attention. They may bully out of jealousy or be acting out because they themselves are bullied (Crothers & Levinson,2004).

Furthermore, bullying can be classified into two categories such as direct bullying and indirect bullying which is also known as social aggression. Direct bullying is a great deal of physical aggression such as shoving and poking, throwing things, slapping, choking, punching and kicking, beating, stabbing, pulling hair, scratching, biting, scraping and pinching. Then indirect bullying is characterized by threatening the victim into social isolation such as including spreading gossip, refusing to socialize with the victim, bullying other people who wish to socialize with the victim, and criticizing the victim’s manner of dress and other socially-significant markers (www.file://D:\ALLABOUTBULLY\Bullying).



1.1.2 BACKGROUND OF BULLY

HISTORY OF BULLY

High-level forms of violence such as assault and murder usually receive most media attention, but lower-level forms of violence such as bullying, has only in recent years started to be addressed by researches, parents, guardians and authority figures (Whitted & Dupper, 2005).
This is only in recent years that bullying has been recognized and recorded as a separate and distinct offence, but there have been well documented cases that were recorded in a different context. The Fifth Volume of the Newgate Calender contains at least one example where Eton Scholars George Alexander Wood and Alexander Wellesley Leith were charged, at Aylesbury Assizes, with killing and slaying the Hon. F. Ashley Cooper on February 28, 1825 in an incident that would now, surely be described as “lethal hazing”. The Newgate calendar contains several other example that, while not as distinct, could be considered indicative of situations of bullying (www.file://D:\ALLABOUTBULLY\Bullying).
Now, we can looked many cases about bullying will happen in everywhere especially in school, workplace, public places, political, military, cyber and others. All of that give effect to the victim of bullying. Who is a bully? :
• Has never learnt to accept responsibility for their behavior.
• Wants to enjoy the benefits of living in the adult world but who is unable an unwilling to accept the responsibilities that are a prerequisite for being part of the adult world.
• Abdicates and denies responsibility for their behavior and its consequences (abdication and denial are common features of bullying)
• Is unable and unwilling to recognize the effect of their behavior on others.
• Does not want to know of any other way of behaving.
• Is unwilling to recognize that there could be better ways of behaving.

One student or a group can bully another student or a group of student. sometimes out of fear of becoming the next victim. People who bully other people are the types of kids that enjoy putting other people down and that makes them feel much better about themselves. People like that also feel insecure about themselves by putting others down. However there are some research suggesting that a significant proportion of normal school children may not evaluate school-based violence as negatively or as being unacceptable as much adults generally do, and may even derive enjoyment from it, and they may thus not see a reason to prevent it if it brings them joy on some level (www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_bullying).

Bullying also be perpetrated by teachers and school system there is an inherent power differential in the system that can easily predispose to subtle or convert abuse, humiliation, or exclusion even while maintaining overt commitment to anti-bullying policies. People who bullies to hide their inadequacy are often incompetent (www.file:///E:/bully.htm).

Victim of bullying can suffer from long term emotional and behavioral problems it can cause loneliness, depression, anxiety, lead to low self-esteem and increased susceptibility to illness. In Malaysia, student are always a victim is are student in secondary school especially form 1,2,3 and students in primary school. Victims of bully have a small body, a bag who physically weak like girl, new student, and student who always get a praise from teacher always be victim because the bullying think they will satisfied bullies the student (www.mhtml:file://D:Bullies.mht).

1.1.3 TYPES OF BULLY

• School bullying
• Workplace bullying
• Cyber bullying
• Political bullying
• Military bullying
• Hazing

Many types of bully but this paper will focus only one types that is school bullying (www.file://D:\ALLABOUTBULLY\Bullying).

CHARACTERISTIC OF BULLYING

Bullies have many characteristics that are opposite those of victims they are generally older male children. That can also be used as a tool to conceal shame or anxiety or to boost self-esteem than does not necessarily involve criminality or physical violence. For example, bullying often operate through psychological abuse or verbal abuse. Bullying can often be associated with street gangs, especially at school (www.file://D:\ALLABOUTBULLY\Bullying).